Dentistry is a medical specialty that deals with teeth and gums, and animal
models play an important part in its research and teaching. The use of animal models
dates back centuries, and animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and horses have been
utilized to investigate dental diseases and the anatomy and function of teeth. The
selection criteria for animal models include their human-like physiology, the
accessibility of relevant genetic resources, and usability and affordability. Animals are
employed for research on various dental conditions, such as periodontal disease, dental
caries, and oral cancer. Periodontitis is a dangerous gum infection that can lead to tooth
loss, frequently brought on by a lack of oral hygiene. Dental caries are studied in
animal models, and new preventative and therapeutic methods are explored. Oral
cancer is studied, and its course and therapies are tested using animal models. The use
of test methods specified by the International Organization for Standardization has
helped to evaluate the biological reaction of various dental substances. Hamsters,
which are usually correlated to mice, are employed to examine the features of
periodontal and cariogenic diseases. Disease transmission can be studied in these
animals as well. The dog periodontium is the one that most closely resembles that of
humans. Canine periodontal disease is highly reflective of its human counterpart, and
gingival recession is a hallmark of periodontitis in dogs, as it is in humans. Although
animal models have been instrumental in the field of dentistry, there is not a single
animal model that adequately replicates human soft and hard tissues, and it is crucial to
choose an experimental model in light of the goals of the study.
Keywords: Animal models, Dental caries, Dental research, Oral cancer, Periodontal disease.
