Wastewater contamination is increasing day by day because of increase in
industrial operations and anthropogenic activities. Wastewater is a by product of
industrial and domestic operations which is directly disposed into the environment and
contain large amount of toxic materials harmful for human, animals as well as
environment. Wastewater coming from industries is highly contaminated hence its
recovery is a major concern. Developing countries and less developed countries
generate large amount of wastewater in comparison to developed countries.
Biotechnology provides best solution to get rid of this problem. Different
technique/methods such as use of activated sludge, trickling filters, biosorption, bioaccumulation, use of nanoparticles play a major role in treatment of water. Role of
microorganisms via microbial fuel cells and membrane biofilm bioreactors have also
been used for removing metals present in wastewater. This chapter aims to provide
complete information about biotechnological approaches for wastewater treatment in a
cost- effective manner along with complete removal of sludge and toxic compounds.
Keywords: Bio-accumulation, Biosorption. trickling filters, Microbial fuel cells, Membrane biofilm reactors, Wastewater treatment.
