Among various death-causing diseases, the morbidity and mortality related
to cancer are the highest, with millions of new malignancies added to the tally every
year and predicted to increase at a higher rate by 2030. Lung cancer is continued to be
the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a share of 11.6% of all cancers.
Since the start of the millennium, there has been a continuous effort to provide the
benefits of probiotics in the management and treatment of cancer, particularly lung
cancer. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in
adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host”. These include specific strains of
bacteria and fungi. Bacterial strains belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
have demonstrated promising results in the prevention, attenuation, and treatment of
the progression of lung cancer. The present chapter focuses on the types and aetiology
of lung cancer and the role and mechanism of action of probiotics in providing
immunity against lung cancer.
Keywords: Chemotherapy, Dysbiosis, Dendritic cells, Immunity, Immunomodulation, Immune checkpoint inhibitor ICI), Interleukins, Lung cancer, Microbiome, Mutagens, Natural killer T (NKT) cell, Probiotics.
