Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and it is becoming
increasingly important to be able to efficiently identify and map the progression of
cancers. The study of the diagnostic, predictive and prognostic value of protein
biomarkers has become one of the main aspects at the forefront of cancer research. The
diversity of various biomarkers for different cancers and their varying roles in each
disease presents a continual challenge for researchers to understand, with new
biomarkers still being discovered today. Understanding the role of protein biomarkers
ensures patients are diagnosed with greater confidence and helps clinicians with
treatment regimes. This chapter aims to discuss the clinical significance of various
protein biomarkers in terms of their diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value in the
treatment of their respective cancers.
Keywords: Biomarker, BRCA, Cancer, Calretinin, CD117, Desmin, Diagnosis, ER/PR receptor, GFAP, HER2, Inhibin, Keratin, Protein, Prognosis, Predictive marker, S100 protein, TTF-1.
