The use of polymers in the development of biomaterials for various
biomedical applications has become increasingly important in recent decades. To
match the innate properties of biological tissues, the polymer-based tissue scaffolds
must have the desired structural and functional properties. However, the polymer-based
hydrogels prepared by conventional methods are often delicate and fragile and require
pre-stabilisation. This necessitates the exploration of bio-friendly cross-linkers that
promote kinetic or reversible crosslinking in the polymer network of hydrogels and
must be nontoxic to cells and tissues. The light initiators with well-organized
multiphoton cross sections that are reactive at specific wavelengths could be ideal
candidates. This chapter reviews the fabrication of solid or viscoelastic biological
scaffolds by multiphoton lithography (MPL) of liquids. It describes the similarities and
differences between conventional and MPL photo polymerization of biological
scaffolds in terms of synthesis chemistry, properties, and their relevance to biological
applications. These photosensitive scaffolds could be useful biomaterials for their
biomedical applications.
Keywords: Biomaterials, Biomedical Applications, Cross-Linkers, Hydrogels, Multiphoton Lithography, Photosensitive Polymers
