Oral disease is one of the most significant global health concerns. Oral
diseases have a monetary impact on people in developing countries. Disease can occur
at any age and across a variety of demographic and socioeconomic conditions. Dental
caries is a chronic microbial disease caused by a variety of factors, including the
production of acid by bacteria via carbohydrate fermentation, which causes
demineralization of tooth enamel, eventually leading to the loss of tooth structures and
pulp infection. Caries is caused by an imbalance between tooth minerals and dental
biofilms, which can develop over time in many people. Symptoms of dental caries
begin with tooth pain and cavities and can lead to tooth loss. To prevent disease and
maintain good oral health conditions, caries risk assessment is critical for controlling
the progress of dental caries. Risk assessment is done by performing caries activity
tests. Knowing the etiological factors associated with dental caries is important for
clinicians and patients to prevent the disease from developing or halt its development
and complications.
Keywords: Bacteria, Biofilms, Dental Caries, Oral Disease, Streptococcus Mutans.
