Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hematopoietic cytokine and has the neuroprotective effect for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Emerging data indicate that EPO also plays an important role in brain remodeling after stroke. This chapter reviews the effect of EPO on neurogenesis and angiogenesis and signaling pathways that mediate EPO-enhanced coupling of neurovascular niche in the ischemic brain.
