Basic experimental research on stem cells has paved the way towards an
array of possible clinical applications. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), due to
their multipotent properties and easily accessible sources, are the most studied stem cell
types in a spectrum of diseases and injuries. Cell viability and dosage, delivery routes,
homing and engraftment are some of the crucial factors that ensure the therapeutic
efficacy of transplanted stem cell therapy in preclinical as well as clinical studies. In
this chapter, we will introduce the types of stem cells and their derivatives that can be
used for tissue repair and regeneration. In particular, the reasons behind the choice of
certain cell types for transplantation and associated strategies are discussed based on
knowledge gained on MSC research and its application for the treatment of human
diseases. The administration route and cell carrier materials are among the factors that
can influence the residence time, viability, and homing of stem cells.
Keywords: Adult stem cells, Allogeneic cell transplantation, Cell dosage, Cell
homing, Cell transplantation, Clinical applications, Embryonic stem cells,
Hematopoietic stem cells, Human diseases, Immunomodulation, Induced
pluripotent stem cells, Local cell delivery, Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, MSC
engraftment, Preclinical studies, Secretome, Sources of MSCs, Spermatogonial
stem cells, Systemic delivery, Transdifferentiation.
