Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science covering all the
technological fields. Likewise all other fields, the medical field is also encountered by
nanotechnology. In this regard, nanopharmaceuticals has gained the attention of
researchers, leading to the development of nanomedicines. Nanopharmaceuticals are
biologicals active molecules used for the effectiveness of drug therapies on the
nanoscale. Nanomedicines in the fast-developing area have shown very fruitful results.
Nanomedicines offer varieties of properties, for example, it has the capability to cross
the cell barriers in order to reach the targeted organelles. It also overcomes the
multidrug-resistant and prevents the effect on healthy cells. Drug delivery based on
nanoparticles has many applications. Nanoparticles-based drug delivery system
delivers the specified drug to the cells of the targeted tissue by controlled release. Thus,
it has overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. The anti-cancer drug delivery
to the cancerous cells is one of the examples of nanocarriers-based therapy. Nanoshells
are used in this regard. Nanoshells load the specified anticancer pharmaceuticals,
penetrate the cells and attack the targeted organelles within cells. The main and
important properties of this therapy are the prevention of healthy cells from the drug
effect. Nanotechnology is also used in diagnosis. It is used in the diagnosis of bone
fractures, cardiovascular diseases, cancerous cells identification, and the detection of
tumors in the brain. Nanolaser-based surgery is also the emerging field of
nanotechnology. For this purpose, nano microscopy was used. In nano microscopy,
surgery nano-based tools are used in which have the ability to penetrate the cells and
remove/ kill the infected organelles. In this chapter, almost all the aspects of
nanotechnology have been discussed, with a special focus on nanocarriers.
Keywords: Nanoscience, Nanomedicines, Nanobots, Nanoendoscopes, Nanolasers, Nanotechnology in Radiology.
