Cancer is a complicated disease owing to its molecular heterogeneity, and
adaptive resistance makes it even more complicated. Therefore, its exact mechanism
needs to be inferred in order to obtain adequate treatment for the patients. Biomarkers
present a robust approach in understanding the range of malignancies along with its
applications in screening, clinical trials, diagnosis and prognosis. The main intention of
cancer research and investigation is to find out biomarkers to facilitate early detection
of cancers as well as devise individual therapies simultaneously. With the evolution of
various omics- techniques like proteomics and genomics, it has become feasible to
observe many crucial cellular pathways. These techniques have facilitated the detection
of biomarkers as well as signalling molecules related to cellular metabolism.
Keywords: Biomarker, Cancer, Circulating Tumor Cells, Circulating Tumor
DNA, Diagnosis, Genomics, Human Genome Project, Molecular Alterations,
Personalized Medicine, Proteomics.
