Melanin is responsible for imparting color to the skin, hairs, eyes, and
protecting the skin from harmful UV radiation. It is produced inside the specialized
cells called melanocytes through a series of chemical and enzymatic reactions.
However, due to the dysregulation of the factors responsible for melanin production,
the irregular production and distribution of melanin occur, which lead to the onset of
pigmentary disorders, such as hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. Pigmentary
disorders are not always physically debilitating but have been associated with elevated
psychosocial problems such as depression, frustration and anger. These psychosocial
burdens in turn influence the quality of life and self-esteem. So, the treatment of
pigmentation diseases appears as a growing concern to dermatologists today. Several
treatment strategies including chemical peeling, stem cell transplant, topical treatment,
laser therapy etc. have been unleashed in order to get rid of the problem. Hence, in the
present chapter, we have discussed about the existing treatment options for
pigmentation diseases practised by dermatologists all over the world.
Keywords: Dermatologists, Laser therapy, Melanin, Pigmentary disorders,
Topical treatment.
