Lymphocytes play vital roles in surveillance of the formation and
development of tumors as well as control of tumor disease. Employing the immune
cells to recognize and destroy tumor cells is a central task of anticancer
immunotherapy. Since 1987 cultured tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from the
site of tumor tissue have been discovered more than 100-fold to kill tumor cells to
compare cultured T-cell from peripheral blood, we have been studying TIL anti-tumor
mechanism and clinical feasibility of immune-cell immunotherapy, especially
functionally inducing TILs for immunotherapy purpose for more than two decades. At
present, to make it a clinically feasible treatment, there have been increased reports in
optimizing those procedures. Several standard protocols of laboratory performance and
clinical treatments have been quickly developed in cancer immunotherapy. With using
this standard protocol, cytotoxic T-cells are infused into cancer patients with cytokine
help in recognizing, targeting, and destroying tumor cells. In the chapter, we review
some of the significant successes of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy (AIT or ACT) and
the significant obstacles that have been overcome to optimize ACT. Here, we also more
focus on the study of research and development of T-cell inducing, culture and
proliferation for adoptive immunotherapy, and eventually introduce clinical knowledge
of lymphocytes application including feasible and affordable to treat patients.
Keywords: Adoptive immunotherapy (AIT), Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), CIK
(cytokine-induced killer cells), LAK (lymphokine-activated killer), NK cells,
Personalized immunotherapy, TIL (tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte).
