Tumor-associated antigen (TAA) or tumor-specific antigen (TSA) is
essential for the target of tumor-specific T-cells such as tumor-infiltrating T cells (TIL),
specific T-cells, TCR T-cells and CAR-T-cells for adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. The
tumor cells often accumulate hundreds of mutations and harbor several immunogenic
neoantigens, and thus, the repertoire of mutation or neoantigen from patient tumor cells
might need the screen to uncover for engineering these T-cells. To understand the Tcell
screening and determining tumor antigen-based on primary tumor cells from an
individual patient, this chapter, we focus on streamlining the process of ex vivo T-cell
culture and primary tumor cell culture, T-cell cloning for tumor neoantigen-specific T
cells, allowing the patient to the benefit of downstream T-cell targets. Because T-cell
engineering cultures are very important methods for TIL, TCR and CAR T-cells,
moreover, because using primary tumor cells isolation and cultures is very important
for screening and identifying tumor antigen of patients, we first introduce primary cell
culture techniques, including those developed from two-dimensional (2-D) tumor cell
cultures, three-dimensional (3-D) tumor cell culture and multiple dimensional tumor
cell culture (4-D cultures). These methodologies are increasingly supporting clinical
oncologists to apply to tumor therapeutic agents and Ag targets for patients in the
clinical laboratory. Besides, we also conclude some growth factors for T-cell cloning
cultures. The chapter aims to present a foundation to adoptive T cell immunotherapy of
clinical patients.
Keywords: T-cell Adoptive immunotherapy, TIL (tumor-infiltrating
lymphocyte), TCR (T-cell receptors), and CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) Tcells,
T-cell cloning, personalized immunotherapy, three-dimensional ex vivo
culture.
