The success of pharmacological or analytical study depends upon proper
choice of the extraction method. As extraction process is the starting step in the
evaluation of any herbal drug, hence it should be designed in such a way that the
extracts contain maximum amount of desired secondary metabolites. Several classical
extraction methods are used since ancient times, such as percolation, digestion,
decoctions, and maceration. Due to the advancement in technology, several extraction
techniques have been developed, such as ultrasound assisted extract, microwave
assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extract and enzyme
assisted extraction. These extraction techniques provide samples for qualitative and
quantitative analysis of the natural product. The extracts obtained from these extraction
methods are also used for the isolation and characterization of bioactive natural
products. This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of a variety of
classical and modern extraction methods used in drug discovery and development from
the natural product.
Keywords: Bioactive Phytochemicals, Extraction, Isolation, Modern Extraction
Methods, Natural Products, Secondary Metabolites.
