The frequency of the different fetal septal defects and their presentation
prenatally is described, including atrial septum defects (ASDs), ventricular septum
defects (VSDs) and atrioventricular septum defects (AVSDs). Embryology of the
defects and the association with underlying aneuploidy and genetic syndromes are
discussed. Image findings in the fetal period are presented alongside diagrams to aide
comprehension of the ultrasound views. A brief summary of prognosis and postnatal
course of these conditions is also included.
Keywords: Atrial septum defect, Atrioventricular septum defect, Aneuploidy, Congenital anomalies, Fetal cardiology, Prenatal diagnosis, Ultrasound, Ventricular septum defect.
