In the recent past, two dimensional gel electrophoresis has emerged as a
powerful molecular biology tool for the comparative expression profiling of complex
protein sample. It involves the separation as well as the resolution of diverse proteins
sample on the basis of isoelectric points and molecular mass of protein in two
dimension ways. In this way, it reflects the view of overall proteome status including
differentiation in protein expression levels, post-translational modifications etc.
Moreover, this allows the identification of novel biological signatures, which may give
a particular identity of pathological background to cells or tissues associated with
various types of cancers and neurological disorders. Therefore, by utilizing such tools,
one can clearly investigate and compare the effects of particular drugs on cells of
tissues and also one can analyze the effects of disease on the basis of variations in
protein expression profile at broad spectrum. Recently, to get more error-less and
accurate proteome profile, conventional 2-D gel electrophoresis has been enhanced
with the inclusion of different types of protein labeling dyes which enables a more
comparative analysis of diverse protein sample in a single 2-D gel. In this advanced
technique (2-D-DIGE), protein samples are labeled with three different types of
CyDyes (Cy2, Cy3, and Cy5) separately and combined and further resolved on the
same gel. This will facilitate the more accurate spot matching on a single gel platform
and will also minimize the experimental variations as commonly reported in the
conventional 2D-gel electrophoresis. Therefore, in the present proteomic research era,
2D-DIGE has proved to be an extremely powerful tool with great sensitivity for up to
125 ng of proteins in clinical research volubility especially, neurological and cancer
related disorders.
Keywords: 2-D-DIGE, Cancer, Cy Dyes, Drugs, Electrophoresis, Molecular
biology, Molecular mass, Neurological disorder, Proteome, Protein expression,
Tissues.
