Neoliberal reforms have resulted in educational consumerism. But recent
labor market data shows that increasing the number of university graduates is not
producing corresponding economic success. Many graduates now work in nongraduate
jobs. Nevertheless, universities have expanded their global student markets as
they see the growth of international students as a panacea for the decline in domestic
students. But the reliance on a limitless flow of fee-paying international students cannot
be maintained, as their home countries’ universities are growing their own capacities.
Keywords: Apprenticeship, Educational Consumerism, Skill-Based and Work-
Based Training.
