The chapter is devoted to the recent developments in the synthesis of 1,2,3-
triazoles and their selected applications. Since the introduction of a classic Huisgen
reaction which involved thermal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes to azides, its
catalytic modifications have been elaborated, allowing the regioselective preparation of
1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted derivatives in copper(I)- or ruthenium(II)-catalyzed
cyclizations (click reactions). Most of the other synthetic pathways generally also
utilize organic azides or sodium azide, although methods based on other starting
materials (e.g. hydrazine derivatives) are also of importance. A special attention is paid
to the preparation of chiral triazole derivatives. Various applications of triazoles are
also discussed, with a focus on their use as isosteres of biological functionalities,
sensors for ions and neutral molecules, in catalysis and in construction of
supramolecular assemblies.
Keywords: Alkyne, Azide, Bioisostere, Chemosensor, Click Reaction, CuAAC
Reaction, Cyclization, Heterocyclic Compound, Multicomponent Reaction,
Nitrogen Heterocycle, N-Tosylhydrazone, RuAAC Reaction, Supramolecular
Chemistry, 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloaddition, 1, 2, 3-Triazole.
