Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men
and the second leading cause of cancer death for men in both economically developed
and developing countries. CaP is usually diagnosed at an early stage with prostate
biopsy, following a screening test showing elevated serum levels of prostate-specific
antigen (PSA) and/or a positive digital rectal examination. Early CaP diagnosis is the
main cause for the significant decrease of metastatic cases, observed during the last
twenty years. On the other hand, the wide use of the PSA screening test led also to CaP
overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Because of the large variation of CaP characteristics
and clinicopathological features, accurate prognosis of CaP patients is a very important
issue that determines treatment options. In this chapter, we review the most promising
prognostic CaP biomarkers that have been suggested so far. In the emerging era of
personalized medicine, these CaP biomarkers could be exploited in the clinics to
increase CaP patients’ survival and quality of life.
Keywords: Androgen receptor, Kallikrein-related peptidase, KLK, miRNA,
Prognosis, Prostate carcinoma, Prostate-specific antigen, PSA, PCA3, Tumor
marker.
