Bioceramics prior to the 1970s were utilized as implants to perform singular
and biologically inert roles. The limitations with these manufactured materials as tissue
substitutes were emphasized with the growing realization that tissues and cells of the
human body function other different metabolic and regulatory roles. The demands of
bioceramics have changed from sustaining a fundamentally physical function without
provoking a host response to providing a more positive interaction with the host ever
since. This has been complemented by increasing demands on medical devices to
extend the duration of life in addition to improving its quality. More importantly, the
exciting and potential opportunities associated with the use of nanobioceramics as body
interactive materials, facilitating the body to heal, or promoting the regeneration of
tissues, therefore restoring physiological functions. Major factors in determining the
potential applications of a biomaterial are its biocompatibility and functionality.
Furthermore, the bioceramic should not suffer any deformation when loaded under
physiological situations. In terms of mechanical properties, the safety of ceramic
components is related to their mechanical strength. As a result, improving the
mechanical strength of ceramics is the primary objective as well as all the properties
which are interrelated to strength.
Keywords: Alumina Al2O3, Bioactive glass, Bioceramics, Bioglass, Calcium
phosphate, Fracture toughness, Glass ceramics, Hot isostatic pressing, Hot
pressing, Hydroxyapatite HAp, Nanobioceramics, Nanocomposites, Partially
stabilized zirconia PSZ, Sol-gel, Zirconia ZrO2, 3-D printing.
