Biosensors can combine both modern electronic techniques and selectivity
properties of biological or synthetic molecules for the applications in pharmaceutical
analyses. Electrochemical biosensors can be defined as analytical devices that are
combining receptors such as cells, cell receptors, antibodies, enzymes, microorganism
tissues, nucleic acids and DNA or other synthetic compounds with a physicochemical
transducer especially electrical/electrochemical-based ones. Electrochemical biosensors
are the most used biosensors for analysis of drugs or other analytes in pharmaceutical
area being those based on nanomaterials (called also nanobiosensors), the emerging
ones in the last decade. Electrochemical biosensors have found an important place due
to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and characteristics such as simplicity, the ease of
mass production, the low cost and availability of instrumentation. Up to now, various
electrochemical technique such as voltammetry; cyclic voltammetry, step and pulse
voltammetry, stripping voltammetry, conductometry, potentiometry and mainly
amperometry have been used in electrochemical biosensors. In this chapter,
electrochemical nanobiosensors employed in pharmaceutical analyses of various
pharmacological groups are discussed.
Keywords: Amperometry, Analytical Chemistry, Analytical devices,
Biorecognition, Conductometry, DNA, DNA biosensors, Electroanalytical
Chemistry, Electrochemical Biosensors, Electrochemistry, Enzyme, Enzymebased
biosensor, Immunosensors, Nanobiosensors, Pharmaceutical Analysis,
Pharmaceuticals, Potentiometry, Recognition, Transducer, Voltammetry.
