Musculoskeletal system mainly includes bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament,
and skeletal muscle, which supports the body and connects tissues and organs together.
Musculoskeletal disorders, including degenerative diseases and trauma injuries lead to
the loss of part tissue, and always accompanied with pain. With the development of
biomaterials, developmental biology, nanomedicine and orthopedic therapy strategies,
tissue engineering of musculoskeletal system has been well investigated in the past two
decades. Many musculoskeletal tissue repair strategies have achieved success in animal
models, with part of them entered clinical trials which will benefit patients in the
future.
Keywords: Bone, Cartilage, Decellularized scaffolds, Hybrid materials,
Ligament, Natural polymers, Skeletal muscle, Stem cells, Synthetic polymers,
Tendon, Tissue engineering.
