Biotechnology is a series of enabling technologies where plants, animals, microbes or their
parts are used to produce new products or to modify products for the welfare of human being directly or
indirectly. DNA delivery/transfer is the pre-requisite for almost all basic and applied researches in the field
of molecular biotechnology. To perform gene delivery/transfer two types of vectors are available, (i) viral
vectors (ii) non-viral vectors. Among the vectors, non-viral vectors are proved less toxic and safe compare
to viral vectors through clinical trial. No single vector is proved suitable for every gene transfection
experiment. Cationic polymers and lipids both are experimentally established as non viral vector with
higher transfection efficiency. Identifying the barriers for transfection and the possible solution, the
stability improvement research is needed for better clinical performance of cationic vectors. In future, it is
also possible to find out new conjugates as cationic polymers and lipid bearing novel properties, suitable to
bind with DNA and penetrate cell. Considering all these properties, this chapter reviews the most recent
studies highlighting cationic polymers and lipids used in non-viral gene delivery systems.
Keywords: biotechnology, cationic lipids; cationic polymers; gene therapy; peptides, non-viral
