Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide, and it has the
highest prevalence in Asia and Africa countries. Most symptomatic HCCs have a low surgical respectability and
the disease usually progresses rapidly and has a very poor prognosis. The constant searching for the molecular
and genetic mechanisms involved in the development of HCC is necessary for the development of more effective
therapeutic strategies against this cancer. Over the last few years, many alternative approaches have been
explored in the management of HCC. The possible therapeutic role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
against HCC has been extensively studied, and some showed promising results, but the underlying molecular
mechanisms involved in the TCM against HCC remain largely unknown. In this review article, we aim to
elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms of TCM in HCC therapy. Based on preliminary basic and clinical
studies, TCM is able to induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, strengthen the host immune functions, and
suppress the invasion and metastasis of HCC.
Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)therapy, molecular mechanisms.
