Title:Circulating Advanced Oxidation Protein Products as Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Progression Mediators in Pathological Conditions Related to Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation
Volume: 23
Issue: 34
Author(s): Mariateresa Cristani, Antonio Speciale, Antonella Saija, Sebastiano Gangemi, Paola Lucia Minciullo and Francesco Cimino
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Advanced oxidation protein products, Biomarkers, Clinical studies, Oxidative stress, Myeloperoxidase,
Inflammation, Immune dysregulation.
Abstract: Evidence came out showing that oxidative stress has a pivotal
role in development and maintenance of inflammation and aberrant immune
responses. Biomarkers of oxidative stress may define the proportion of oxidative
damage underlying pathological conditions, and also foresee and
monitor the possible efficacy of therapeutic strategies designed to control
these pathologies. New compounds, which can be used as biomarkers, have
been identified, and among them advanced oxidation protein products
(AOPPs), formed mainly by chlorinated oxidants resulting from activity of
myeloperoxidase. Our paper is aimed to review clinical evidences concerning
the valuable potential of AOPPs as biomarkers of oxidative injury in
development and progression of diseases and chronic conditions related to inflammatory
status and immune dysregulation. These pathologies include metabolic syndrome, obesity,
immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Due to the
heterogeneity of pathologies reported to be characterized by AOPP accumulation, it is evident
that AOPPs are not merely a marker of neutrophil activation, but at the same time
AOPPs cannot always be disease determinants. The data reported in this review corroborate
the opinion that AOPPs can be successfully used to in vitro confirm the diagnosis of inflammatory
and immune-mediated diseases, but at the same time evidence is that, very likely due
to the way through which AOPPs are formed as well as the effect they can contribute to induce,
AOPP values cannot be clearly reflective of their involvement in the pathogenesis and
in the evolution of a specific disease.
