Title:Current Progress of Reelin in Development, Inflammation and Tissue Remodeling: From Nervous to Visual Systems
Volume: 16
Issue: 7
Author(s): A. Micera, B. O. Balzamino, F. Biamonte, G. Esposito, R. Marino, F. Fanelli, F. Keller
Affiliation:
关键词:
Reelin，炎症，组织重构，神经退变，视网膜，视觉系统。
摘要: Reelin is a matrix glycoprotein that plays a pivotal role for the
positioning of neurons throughout brain development. In the early
developing cortex Reelin regulates radial migration of cortical neurons while
later in development, Reelin promotes maturation of dendrites and dendritic
spines. Low Reelin levels characterize healthy adult brain while increased
Reelin levels have been associated with cellular events underlying response
to injury.
Reelin has been detected in structural and immune cells outside brain (liver,
gut/colon tracts, kidney, testis, ovary, lung, retina and cornea). In the Visual
system, Reelin was first described in the retina and thereafter in the cornea.
Increased Reelin levels were observed during retinogenesis, low levels were found in
adulthood and a significant increase was detected upon injury. Insult-driven Reelin changes
occur after upregulation of adhesion molecules, cytokines, neurotrophins, growth factors,
neuropeptides and other mediators as well as their receptors. These soluble factors
contribute to the development of nervous and visual system and promote survival/recovery of
neurons/accessory cells populating the injured visual system. Likewise, Reelin might
modulate these factors by driving different multiple effects on homeostasis/plasticity,
inflammation, healing and remodeling at different physiopathological levels. Very low-density
lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein E receptor 2, integrins and the adaptor molecule Disabled
1 trigger Reelin pathway.
Recent advances highlight some Reelin activities during inflammation and tissue remodeling
and point out to a crucial Reelin activity in the visual system. A better understanding of Reelin
function in retinal development might open to new attractive perspective for counteracting
retina degeneration.
