Title:Hollow Inorganic Nanoparticles as Efficient Carriers for siRNA Delivery: A Comprehensive Review
Volume: 21
Issue: 29
Author(s): Jaleh Varshosaz and Somayeh Taymouri
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Hollow nanoparticles, inorganic, siRNA, mesoporous silica, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, fullerenes, calcium phosphate
nanoparticles.
Abstract: Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are emerging as a new opportunity for treatment of various diseases,
including viral and cancer diseases via knocking down a specific gene that involves in disease development. But
their clinical application is hampered because of susceptibility to degradation and difficult delivery of siRNA into
cells. So it is needed to develop an efficient carrier that stabilizes and delivers siRNA efficiently and specifically
into cells. Hollow inorganic nanoparticles have gained considerable attention as an efficient drug and gene delivery
system. This is due to their biocompatibility, simple preparative processes, easy functionalization and high capacity
for drug loading. Several nanoparticle platforms for siRNA delivery have been developed to overcome the major
limitations facing the therapeutic uses of siRNA. Recently, researchers have developed a wide range of inorganic
nanocarriers to increase efficacy of si-RNA-based drugs and gained efficient siRNA delivery both in vitro and in
vivo. This review covers a broad spectrum of hollow inorganic nanoparticles as non-viral siRNA delivery systems. These nanoparticles
are developed for enhanced cellular uptake and targeted gene silencing in vitro and in vivo and their characteristics and opportunities for
clinical applications of therapeutic siRNA are discussed in this article. Various types of inorganic hollow nanovectors including:
mesoporous silica nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, fullerenes, calcium phosphate nanoparticles, hollow manganese oxide,
gold nanoshells, and layered double hydroxide nanoparticles used to deliver siRNA are introduced and the development of theranostics
and combinational treatment is also discussed.
