Title:Incorporation of Natural Renewable Components and Waste Byproducts to Benzoxazine Based High Performance Materials
Volume: 17
Issue: 9
Author(s): Kevin Chiou and Hatsuo Ishida
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Benzoxazine resin, Polybenzoxazine, Natural renewable resources, Waste.
Abstract: This review highlights very recent attempts to incorporate natural renewable resources in benzoxazine resin synthesis and the
properties of polybenzoxazines derived from them. Strong environmental incentives to reduce consumption of petroleum and its derivatives
have also influenced the choice of raw materials for benzoxazine synthesis among many other synthetic polymer precursors. It will
be seen that properties of naturally derived polybenzoxazines offer comparable physical and mechanical properties, or unique properties
derived from multifunctionality of natural raw materials, often derived from multi-functionality of the natural raw materials. Benzoxazine
chemistry’s versatile molecular design flexibility allows incorporation of naturally occurring phenolics, primary amines and hydroxyl
compounds, such as cashew nut shell oil, urushiol, terepene, levulinic acid, and cellulose. Use of glycerol as biodiesel production waste
from primary waste, such as used cooking oil and fat, as well as naturally occurring amine compound in a biomimetic manner are also
discussed.
