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Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5257
ISSN (Online): 1875-6182

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Review Article

Lipotoxicity, ER Stress, and Cardiovascular Disease: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Author(s): Smriti Shreya, Md. Jahangir Alam, Anupriya, Saumya Jaiswal, Vibha Rani and Buddhi Prakash Jain*

Volume 22, Issue 3, 2024

Published on: 06 October, 2023

Page: [319 - 335] Pages: 17

DOI: 10.2174/0118715257262366230928051902

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
Abstract

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a sub-cellular organelle that is responsible for the correct folding of proteins, lipid biosynthesis, calcium storage, and various post-translational modifications. In the disturbance of ER functioning, unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate inside the ER lumen and initiate downstream signaling called unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR signaling pathway is involved in lipolysis, triacylglycerol synthesis, lipogenesis, the mevalonate pathway, and low-density lipoprotein receptor recycling. ER stress also affects lipid metabolism by changing the levels of enzymes that are involved in the synthesis or modifications of lipids and causing lipotoxicity. Lipid metabolism and cardiac diseases are in close association as the deregulation of lipid metabolism leads to the development of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several studies have suggested that lipotoxicity is one of the important factors for cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we will discuss how ER stress affects lipid metabolism and their interplay in the development of cardiovascular disorders. Further, the current therapeutics available to target ER stress and lipid metabolism in various CVDs will be summarized.

Keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum, UPR, lipotoxicity, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, hypertension and heart failure.

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