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ISSN (Print): 1871-5273
ISSN (Online): 1996-3181

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Review Article

Lifestyle Modulators of Neuroplasticity in Parkinson’s Disease: Evidence in Human Neuroimaging Studies

Author(s): Silvia Paola Caminiti*, Silvia Gallo, Federico Menegon, Andrea Naldi, Cristoforo Comi and Giacomo Tondo

Volume 23, Issue 5, 2024

Published on: 05 July, 2023

Page: [602 - 613] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230616121213

Price: $65

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. A progressive neuronal loss and the consequent clinical impairment lead to deleterious effects on daily living and quality of life. Despite effective symptomatic therapeutic approaches, no disease-modifying therapies are currently available. Emerging evidence suggests that adopting a healthy lifestyle can improve the quality of life of PD patients. In addition, modulating lifestyle factors can positively affect the microstructural and macrostructural brain levels, corresponding to clinical improvement. Neuroimaging studies may help to identify the mechanisms through which physical exercise, dietary changes, cognitive enrichment, and exposure to substances modulate neuroprotection. All these factors have been associated with a modified risk of developing PD, with attenuation or exacerbation of motor and non-motor symptomatology, and possibly with structural and molecular changes. In the present work, we review the current knowledge on how lifestyle factors influence PD development and progression and the neuroimaging evidence for the brain structural, functional, and molecular changes induced by the adoption of positive or negative lifestyle behaviours.

Keywords: Neurodegeneration, physical exercise, diet, smoking, PET, MRI, cognitive reserve, neuroplasticity.

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