Title:Fabrication of Zein/PVA Fibre Blends: Optimizing Concentration and
Applied Voltage
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Author(s): Nompumelelo S.M. Kubheka, Makwena J. Moloto*Nolutho Mkhumbeni
Affiliation:
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of
South Africa, Florida Park Campus, 1709, South Africa
Keywords:
Fibre, blends, zein, Poly (vinyl alcohol), electrospinning, optimization.
Abstract:
Background: The fabrication of polymer fibre blends has gained much attention for the development
of innovative nanomaterials. Polymer fibre blends are nanomaterials with different functionalities
and properties such as a sizeable surface-to-area ratio, high porosity, flexibility, and stability.
The focus of this study was to produce zein/PVA fibre blends using the electrospinning technique
and varying parameters such as concentration and applied voltage. The two parameters are key driving
factors for the production of fibres. Zein as a natural polymer has challenges in developing fibre materials
which require artificial polymer like PVA to create a good blending mixture for electrospinning.
Methods: The zein/PVA nanofibre blends were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The
FE-SEM (Leo, Zeiss) was used to study the surface morphologies of the zein/PVA nanofibers blends.
The optical properties of the nanofibre blends were determined using the UV-vis spectrophotometer
and the chemical structure and composition of zein/PVA nanofibers blends were studied using Thermo
Scientific Nicolet iS50-FTIR spectrometer, universal ATR with the diamond detector.
Results: The SEM images showed smooth zein/PVA ribbon-like nanofibre blends of 90/10, 80/20,
70/30, 60/40, and 50/50. SEM images of zein/PVA (80/20) electrospun at 25 kV were obtained to be
the maximum fibre yield due to zein/PVA compatibility, increased conductivity, and enhanced fibre
formation. The optical properties (absorption spectroscopy) suggested that the zein/PVA (80/20) fibre
blend was miscible, and the FTIR spectra confirmed their functional groups. Therefore, the characterization
results showed that the polymer blended solutions concentration and applied voltage increment
affected fibre size distribution and morphology.
Conclusion: Optimizing concentration and applied voltage successfully produced smooth, uniform
bead-free zein/PVA fibre blends as parameters are increased.