Title:Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Diabetes Mellitus: Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Pathophysiology and Cognitive Impairments
Volume: 20
Issue: 4
Author(s): Ghaith A. Bahadar and Zahoor A. Shah*
Affiliation:
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo OH 43614,United States
Keywords:
ICH, DM, blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, brain edema, peripheral leukocytes, HMGB1.
Abstract: There is a surge in diabetes incidence, with an estimated 463 million individuals been diagnosed
worldwide. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major stroke-related comorbid condition that increases
the susceptibility of disabling post-stroke outcomes. Although less common, intracerebral
hemorrhage (ICH) is the most dramatic subtype of stroke associated with higher mortality, particularly
in the DM population. Previous studies have focused mainly on the impact of DM on ischemic
stroke. Few studies have focused on the impact of DM on ICH and discussed the blood-
-brain barrier disruption, brain edema, and hematoma formation. However, more recently, investigating
the role of oxidative damage and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production in preclinical
studies involving DM-ICH animal models has gained attention. But, little is known about the correlation
between neuroinflammatory processes, glial cells activation, and peripheral immune cell invasion
with DM-ICH injury. DM and ICH patients experience impaired abilities in multiple cognitive
domains by relatively comparable mechanisms, which could get exacerbated in the setting of
comorbidities. In this review, we discuss both the pathology of DM as a comorbid condition for
ICH and the potential molecular therapeutic targets for the clinical management of the ICH and its
recovery.
