Title:Alcoholic Neuropathy: Involvement of Multifaceted Signalling Mechanisms
Volume: 14
Author(s): Tapan Behl*, Harlokesh N. Yadav and Pyare L. Sharma
Affiliation:
- Department of Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab,India
Keywords:
Alcohol, neuropathy, protein kinase, dopamine, endocannabinoids, cytokines.
Abstract:
Background: Alcoholic neuropathy is a chronic disorder caused by the excessive consumption
of alcohol. Damage to the nerves results in unusual sensations in the limbs, decreased mobility
and loss of some body functions.
Objective: Alcohol is considered a major cause for exclusively creating the debilitating condition
of the neuropathic state. This review critically examines the key mediators involved in the pathogenesis
of alcoholic neuropathy and the targets, which, upon selective inhibition, alleviate the progression
of alcoholic neuropathy.
Methods: A thorough study of research and review articles available on the internet from PubMed,
MEDLINE, and concerned sites was performed on alcoholic neuropathy.
Result: Impairment in axonal transportation is quite common with the progression of alcoholic neuropathy.
Nutritional deficiencies lead to axonal neuropathies that escalate a variety of complications
that further worsen the state. PKC and PKA play a significant role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic
neuropathy. PKC plays a marked role in modulating NMDA receptor currents, manifesting
excitations in neurons. MMPs are involved in the number of pathologies that destroy the CNS and
reduction in the level of endogenous antioxidants like α-tocopherol, vitamin E with ethanol, promotes
oxidative stress by generating free radicals and lipid peroxidation.
Conclusion: Oxidative stress is implicated in the activation of MMPs, causing disruption in the
blood-brain barrier, the latter are involved in the trafficking and passage of molecules in and out of
the cell. Chronic alcohol consumption leads to the downregulation of CNS receptors, consequently
precipitating the condition of alcoholic neuropathy.
